Well, it all depends on the story you want to tell. I think you should build your world as you write your story. You start at the beginning and let events unfold and you add a new area with the progression of the story. The same is with the races, but consider the more races you've got the more you have to explain.
But to start the story you can begin with a sketch. Most basic is an open field or grass area connecting all the other areas. You could put Hyrule Castle and Hyrule Town in the middle of it yes. Other often recurring areas are: Lake Hylia, Death Mountain and Lost Woods. Although sometimes named different.
The temples:
Fire -> Gorons, Dragons, Rito (because it probably will be on a mountain), fire creatures, Subrosians
Water -> Zora, fishmen, boatmen, Tokay
Grass -> Well anything you like. (Forest -> Kokiri, Koroks, Minish, Skullkids), Deku scrubs
Desert -> Gerudo, bokoblin, Garo, Zuna
Ice -> Yook, Anouki, Tokay, Yeti
Hylians and Humans can be put anywhere.
But I suggest you make your main story with side stories and see where that leads you.
